TERI has estimated that, if buildings in urban areas in India were forced to adopt green building concepts, India could save more than 8,400 megawatts of energy, which would be enough to illuminate 550,000 homes every year. These coefficients are mainly based on the relative distance between locations to determine wind speed and solar irradiance; the roughness of the area, the wind profile, and the predominant direction of the wind for the wind speed; and the speed of cloud movements for solar irradiance. The use of a building shape and housing to accept, store and distribute energy from renewable sources appropriate to buildings is commonly defined as passive solar design. Shading, reflection of solar heat, insulation of the building element, floor cooling, wind cooling, water cooling, evaporative cooling, dehumidification, night radiant cooling, nighttime cooling of the thermal mass of buildings, exotic methods of passive cooling and seasonal cold storage.
By converting solar radiation into thermal energy through collectors, solar heating systems can heat water, air, etc. The fundamental concept of using solar energy for heating is to design the elements that shape the exterior of the building for this purpose (the roof, walls and floor are insulated at a high level) and allow the maximum possible use of solar radiation. Current input parameters, such as the intensity of solar irradiation, the angle of the solar beam on photovoltaic panels, the speed and direction of the wind, also help predict the generation of renewable energy. With the increasingly serious problems of global warming, environmental degradation and the scarcity of energy resources, the reduction of energy consumption of buildings and the sustainable development of buildings, the vigorous development of green buildings has become a key concern in the field of architectural research.
Active solar systems are distinguished from passive systems, which use the structure of the building, in terms of collecting solar energy, storing accumulated heat and distributing heat to spaces. Sustainable built architecture is also called green buildings that are environmentally friendly and save resources, either to select the site for the demolition of these buildings after their life cycle has ended (Piomo, Atienza %26 Rosing, 200). Figure 1 below shows the green building with different uses of energy and other uses of resources. With design applications for passive solar systems, solar heat gains from solar energy can be increased during the winter months.
The wind energy forecast has received the most attention so far and is therefore in its most mature state, but the solar energy forecast is also developing rapidly given the rapid expansion of photovoltaic solar energy in many regions.
